Printing is the process of printing flower patterns with certain color fastness on textiles with dyes or pigments.
Classification of prints
The objects of printing are mainly fabrics and yarns. The former attaches the pattern directly to the fabric, so the pattern is clearer. The latter is to print the pattern on the yarn aggregates arranged in parallel, and after weaving, the fabric has a hazy style pattern effect.
The difference between printing and dyeing
1. Dyeing is to dye the dye evenly on the textile to obtain a single color. Printing is a pattern of one or more colors printed on the same textile, which is actually a partial dyeing.
2. Dyeing is to make dyes into dye liquor and dye them on fabrics through water as a medium. Printing uses paste as a dyeing medium, and dyes or pigments are mixed into printing paste and printed on the fabric. After drying, steaming and color development are carried out according to the nature of the dye or color, so that it can be dyed or fixed. On the fiber, it is finally washed with soap and water to remove the paint and chemicals in the floating color and color paste.
pre-printing
Similar to the dyeing process, the fabric must be pretreated before printing to obtain good wettability so that the colorant can enter the fiber evenly. Plastic fabrics such as polyester sometimes need to be heat-set to reduce shrinkage deformation during printing.
method of printing
According to the printing process, there are direct printing, anti-dye printing and discharge printing; according to the printing equipment, there are mainly roller printing, screen printing and transfer printing. From the perspective of printing methods, there are manual printing and mechanical printing. Mechanical printing mainly includes screen printing, roller printing, transfer printing and liquid jet printing. The first two applications are more common.
Printing methods and their characteristics
Fabric printing can be divided into: screen printing, roller printing, thermal transfer printing, wood template printing, hollow-out printing, tie-dye, batik, splash-dye printing, hand-painted printing, etc. Among them, there are two printing methods of commercial importance: screen printing and drum printing. The third method is thermal transfer printing, which is relatively less important. Other printing methods that are rarely used in textile production such as traditional wood stencil printing, wax vale (ie wax proof) printing, yarn tie-dye printing and resist printing. Many textile printing factories mostly use screen printing and roller printing to print fabrics. Most thermal transfer printing done by printers is also printed in this way.
traditional printing techniques
1. Wood stencil printing: The method of printing on fabric in guipure wood.
2. Hollow type printing: It is mainly divided into three categories: hollow type white paste anti-dyeing indigo printing, hollow type white paste anti-dyeing paste printing and hollow type color paste direct printing.
3. Tie-dye printing: use thread and rope on the embryo cloth, sew it into a certain fold and then tie it firmly, and obtain the pattern after dyeing.
4. Batik printing: smear on cotton, silk and other fabrics where the pattern needs to be displayed, and then dip or brush dye to dye the wax-free part of the fabric into color, and then remove the wax stain in boiling water or a specific solvent, so that the fabric is now pattern.
5. Splash-dye printing: Use acid dyes to splash or brush colors on the silk fabric at will, and then sprinkle salt on the screen while it is still wet, with the help of the neutralization of salt and acid dyes, to form a natural flowing abstraction on the silk patterns. Often used for silk.
6. Hand-painted printing: A printing method in which a pen is directly dipped in the dye solution to describe the pattern on the fabric.